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- Radiocarbon
evidence
indicates that
migrants
introduced
farming to
Britain: Journal of
Archaeological
Science, Vol.
37, No. 4. (18
April 2010),
pp.
866-870.Archae
ologists
disagree about
how farming
began in
Britain. Some
argue it was a
result of
indigenous
groups
adopting
domesticates
and cultigens
via trade and
exchange.
Others contend
it was the
consequence of
a migration of
farmers from
mainland
Europe. To
shed light on
this debate,
we used
radiocarbon
dates to
estimate
changes in
population
density
between 8000
and 4000 cal
BP. We found
evidence for a
marked and
rapid increase
in population
density
coincident
with the
appearance of
cultigens
around
6000 cal BP.
We also found
evidence that
this increase
occurred first
in southern
England and
shortly
afterwards in
central
Scotland.
These findings
are best
explained by
groups of
farmers from
the Continent
independently
colonizing
England and
Scotland, and
therefore
strongly
support the
migrant
farmers
hypothesis.Mar
k Collard,
Kevan
Edinborough,
Stephen
Shennan, Mark
Thomas
Source: Journal of Archaeological Science, Vol. 37, No. 4. (18 April 2010), pp. 866-870. - CREATING
PUBLIC
ALIENATION:
Expert
Cultures of
Risk and
Ethics on GMOs: Science as
Culture, Vol.
10, No. 4.
(2001), pp.
445-481.Brian
Wynne
Source: Science as Culture, Vol. 10, No. 4. (2001), pp. 445-481. - Ecosystem
services from
agriculture:
Steps for
expanding
markets: Ecological
Economics (04
March
2010)Farmers
in the United
States produce
a wide variety
of commodities
for food and
fiber. Farmers
can also
produce a
variety of
non-commodity
ecosystem
services for
which markets
do not exist
or are
imperfectly
formed. Such
services may
be valued by
society, but
due to their
nature or
institutional
arrangements,
farmers often
do not receive
a price signal
for them. This
results in
inefficient
allocations of
resources, in
that farmers
under-produce
non-commodity
ecosystem
services. One
possible way
to increase
private
investment in
ecosystem
services is to
create a
market for
them. We draw
lessons from
six different
markets for
providing
ecosystem
services from
farms (water
quality
trading,
wetland
mitigation,
carbon
cap-and-trade,
over-the-count
er carbon,
eco-labeling,
and fee
hunting) on
what is
required for a
market to
function, and
the problems
these markets
might
face.Marc
Ribaudo,
Catherine
Greene, LeRoy
Hansen, Daniel
Hellerstein
Source: Ecological Economics (04 March 2010) - Environmental
impact of
adjuvants in
crop
protection.: Communications
in
agricultural
and applied
biological
sciences, Vol.
70, No. 4.
(2005), pp.
1087-1091.The
overall
performance of
chemical and
biological
plant
protection
products is
enhanced by
the use of
adjuvants in
the
formulation
(formulation
adjuvants) or
in the spray
tank (spray
adjuvants).
Both types of
adjuvants aim
to stabilize
the
formulation,
to improve the
efficiency of
the active
ingredients
and to reduce
application
and
environmental
risks. As an
important part
of the
formulation,
both
quantitatively
and
qualitatively,
the
environmental
impact and
toxicology of
adjuvants can
not always be
considered as
inert.
However,
little is
known of their
impact as part
of plant
protection
products
compared with
the active
substances.
Therefore an
experimental
framework is
needed as a
tool for a
consistent
environmental
legislation.B
Ryckaert, P
Spanoghe, W
Steurbaut, B
Heremans, G
Haesaert, W de
Coen
Source: Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences, Vol. 70, No. 4. (2005), pp. 1087-1091. - Ecosystem
services and
dis-services
to agriculture: Ecological
Economics In
Special
Section -
Ecosystem
Services and
Agriculture -
Ecosystem
Services and
Agriculture,
Vol. 64, No.
2. (15
December
2007), pp.
253-260.Agricu
ltural
ecosystems are
actively
managed by
humans to
optimize the
provision of
food, fiber,
and fuel.
These
ecosystem
services from
agriculture,
classified as
provisioning
services by
the recent
Millennium
Ecosystem
Assessment,
depend in turn
upon a web of
supporting and
regulating
services as
inputs to
production (
e.g. , soil
fertility and
pollination).
Agriculture
also receives
ecosystem
dis-services
that reduce
productivity
or increase
production
costs ( e.g. ,
herbivory and
competition
for water and
nutrients by
undesired
species). The
flows of these
services and
dis-services
directly
depend on how
agricultural
ecosystems are
managed and
upon the
diversity,
composition,
and
functioning of
remaining
natural
ecosystems in
the landscape.
Managing
agricultural
landscapes to
provide
sufficient
supporting and
regulating
ecosystem
services and
fewer
dis-services
will require
research that
is
policy-relevan
t,
multidisciplin
ary and
collaborative.
This paper
focuses on how
ecosystem
services
contribute to
agricultural
productivity
and how
ecosystem
dis-services
detract from
it. We first
describe the
major services
and
dis-services
as well as
their key
mediators. We
then explore
the importance
of scale and
economic
externalities
for the
management of
ecosystem
service
provision to
agriculture.
Finally, we
discuss
outstanding
issues in
regard to
improving the
management of
ecosystem
services and
dis-services
to
agriculture.W
Zhang, T
Ricketts, C
Kremen, K
Carney, S
Swinton
Source: Ecological Economics In Special Section - Ecosystem Services and Agriculture - Ecosystem Services and Agriculture, Vol. 64, No. 2. (15 December 2007), pp. 253-260.
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